Hormonal Regulation of Diapause and Development in Nematodes, Insects, and Fishes

Diapause is a state of developmental arrest adopted in response to or anticipation environmental conditions that are unfavorable for growth. In many cases, diapause facultative, such animals may undergo either non-diapause trajectory, depending on cues. characterized by enhanced stress resistance, reduced metabolism, and increased longevity. The ability postpone reproduction until suitable found important the survival animals, both vertebrate invertebrate species can diapause. decision enter occurs at level whole animal, thus hormonal signaling pathways common regulators decision. Unlike other types arrest, programmed, trajectory includes pre-diapause preparatory phase, itself, recovery from diapause, post-diapause development. Therefore, profoundly affected Here, I review two conserved pathways, insulin/IGF (IIS) nuclear hormone receptor (NHR), their role regulating across three animal phyla. Specifically, reviewed Austrofundulus limnaeus Nothobranchius furzeri annual killifishes, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, insect including Drosophila melanogaster , Culex pipiens Bombyx mori . addition, changes occur as result discussed, with focus how IIS NHR interact core C. larvae